Touchless flushing systems and methods

ABSTRACT

A touchless actuation system for a toilet includes a touchless sensor, a motor assembly, and a processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to receive a signal from the touchless sensor and to detect an object within a detection region based on the signal. The touchless sensor lacks an optical path to the detection region. In some embodiments, the touchless sensor is a projected capacitive sensor. The processing circuit is configured to activate the motor assembly upon detecting the object and the motor assembly is configured to actuate flushing of the toilet when activated by the processing circuit.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.61/722,019, filed Nov. 2, 2012, and U.S. Provisional Application No.61/761,623, filed Feb. 6, 2013, the entities of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

SUMMARY

One embodiment of the present disclosure is a touchless actuation (i.e.,touchless flush) system for a toilet. The system includes a touchlesssensor, a motor assembly, and a processing circuit. The processingcircuit may be configured to receive a signal from the touchless sensorand to detect an object within a detection region based on the signalfrom the sensor. The processing circuit may be further configured toactivate the motor assembly when an object is detected. The motorassembly may be configured to actuate flushing of the toilet whenactivated by the processing circuit. Advantageously, the touchlessactuation system may be completely concealed within a closed reservoirfor the toilet with the touchless sensor lacking an optical path to thedetection region.

In some embodiments, the touchless sensor is a projected capacitivesensor. The projected capacitive sensor may project an electromagneticfield through a surface of the closed reservoir, defining a detectionregion outside the reservoir. In some embodiments, the surface of theclosed reservoir may be a lid of the reservoir. In such an example, thedetection region may be defined above the lid of the reservoir. In otherembodiments, the projected capacitive sensor may be located to projectan electromagnetic field through a different surface of the closedreservoir (e.g., a side).

The processing circuit may be configured to detect the presence of anobject (e.g., an electromagnetic field-absorbing object or anelectrically conductive object) within the detection region and activatethe motor assembly when said object is detected. The detected object maybe a hand or forearm of a user and the user may actuate flushing of thetoilet by moving his or her hand into the detection region withouttouching the toilet, the reservoir, or the actuation system. Theprocessing circuit may be configured to monitor a time since the motorassembly has been activated and prevent reactivation of the motorassembly if the time is within a time threshold.

The touchless actuation system may further include a housing withinwhich the sensor, the motor assembly, and the processing circuit arecontained and a positioning bracket for adjustably attaching to thehousing and positioning the actuation system within the reservoir. Insome embodiments, the positioning bracket may adjust the position of theactuation system relative to an upper surface of the reservoir.

In some embodiments, the touchless actuation system further includes awheel assembly coupled to the motor assembly and configured to rotatewhen the motor assembly is activated. The wheel assembly may connect toa chain attached to a flushing mechanism within the reservoir, androtation of the wheel assembly may cause the chain to actuate theflushing mechanism. In some embodiments, the chain may be directlyattached to a flush valve such as a flapper, a canister seal covering anoutlet of the reservoir, or a valve ball.

In some embodiments, the processing circuit may detect when the wheelassembly has completed one full rotation and deactivate the motorassembly when one full rotation is detected. For example, the touchlessactuation system may include a reed switch coupled to the processingcircuit, and a magnet located at an edge of the wheel assembly mayactivate the reed switch when the wheel assembly has completed one fullrotation. The processing circuit may employ a motor control topologythat ensures repeatable positional control of the wheel assembly. Forexample, the processing circuit may be configured to actively break themotor assembly by shorting electrical leads of the motor assembly.

In some embodiments, the wheel assembly may be replaced with a rotatablelever or arm coupled to the motor assembly and configured to rotate whenthe motor assembly is activated. The lever or arm may connect to a chainattached to a flushing mechanism within the reservoir, and rotation ofthe lever or arm may cause the chain to actuate the flushing mechanism.In some embodiments, the chain may be directly attached to a flush valvesuch as a flapper, a canister seal covering an outlet of the reservoir,or a valve ball.

The touchless actuation system may further include a power supplycoupled to the motor assembly, and the processing circuit may activatethe motor assembly by providing the motor assembly with an electriccurrent from the power supply. The processing circuit may be configuredto monitor the electric current provided to the motor assembly or atorque exerted by the motor assembly and initiate one or more safetyprecautions if the current exceeds a current threshold or the torqueexceeds a torque threshold. The safety precautions may includedeactivating the motor assembly, limiting the electric current providedto the motor assembly, limiting the torque exerted by the motorassembly, and activating a warning indicator. In some embodiments, thepower supply may include one or more batteries, and the processingcircuit may activate a warning indicator (e.g., provided by a smallspeaker, provided by an LED, etc.) when the batteries requirereplacement.

In some embodiments, the processing circuit may estimate a gestureperformed by a user and initiate one or more supplemental actions basedon the estimated gesture. The supplemental actions may includeinitiating a short flush, initiating a long flush, dispensing adeodorant, and initiating a cleaning process.

In some embodiments, the touchless actuation system may further includeone or more additional touchless sensors and the processing circuit maybe configured to distinguish between different gestures based on aplurality of signals received from the sensors. In some embodiments, theprocessing circuit may include a radio receiver. In addition to thetouchless actuation driven by a capacitive sensor, the system may beconfigured to activate the motor assembly based on a radio signalreceived by the radio receiver.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is a touchlessactuation system for a toilet including a first touchless sensor, amotor assembly, and a processing circuit. The first touchless sensorlacks an optical path to the detection region. The processing circuit isconfigured to receive a first signal from the first touchless sensor andto detect an object within a detection region based on the first signal.The processing circuit is further configured to activate the motorassembly upon detecting the object and the motor assembly is configuredto actuate flushing of the toilet when activated by the processingcircuit.

In some embodiments, the first touchless sensor is one of a projectedcapacitive sensor and a microwave sensor. In some embodiments, theactuation system is completely concealed within a closed reservoir forthe toilet. In some embodiments, the first touchless sensor iselectrically shorted to the motor assembly. In other embodiments, thefirst touchless sensor is electrically shorted to water contained withinthe toilet reservoir.

In some embodiments, the touchless actuation system further includes asecond touchless sensor. In such embodiments, the processing circuit isfurther configured to receive a second signal from the second touchlesssensor. The first and second signals include measurement values and timevalues. The processing circuit is further configured to determinewhether the first measurement value exceeds a first threshold andwhether the second measurement value exceeds a second threshold. Theprocessing circuit compares a difference between the first time valueand the second time value with a time threshold in response to the firstmeasurement value exceeding the first threshold and the secondmeasurement value exceeding the second threshold. Then, the processingcircuit may determine whether an object is detected within the detectionregion based on the comparison.

In some embodiments, the actuation system is completely concealed withina closed toilet reservoir. The touchless sensor may be a projectedcapacitive sensor or a microwave sensor. The touchless sensor may be aprojected capacitive sensor configured to project an electromagneticfield through a surface of a closed reservoir, wherein theelectromagnetic field defines a detection region outside the reservoir.The surface of the closed reservoir may be a lid of the reservoir. Thedetection region may be defined above the lid of the reservoir.

In some embodiments, the processing circuit is configured to detect thepresence of an object within the detection region and to activate themotor assembly when said object is detected. The object may be anelectromagnetic field-absorbing object or an electrically conductiveobject. The object may also be a hand or forearm of a user. The userflushes the toilet by moving said hand or forearm into the detectionregion without touching the toilet, the reservoir, or the actuationsystem.

In some embodiments, the processing circuit is configured to monitor atime since the motor assembly has been activated and preventreactivation of the motor assembly if the time is within a timethreshold.

In some embodiments, a positioning bracket is configured to adjustablyattach to the housing and position the actuation system within thereservoir. The positioning bracket is configured to adjust the positionof the actuation system relative to an upper surface of the reservoir.

In some embodiments, a wheel assembly is coupled to the motor assemblyand configured to rotate when the motor assembly is activated. The wheelassembly is configured to couple to a chain attached to a flushingmechanism within the reservoir, wherein rotation of the wheel assemblycauses the chain to actuate the flushing mechanism. The chain may bedirectly attached to a flush valve covering an outlet of the reservoir.In some embodiments, the flush valve is a flapper or canister seal.

In some embodiments, the processing circuit is configured to detect whenthe wheel assembly has completed one full rotation and deactivate themotor assembly when one full rotation is detected. A reed switch may becoupled to the processing circuit, wherein a magnet in the wheelassembly activates the reed switch when the wheel assembly has completedone full rotation. The processing circuit may be configured to activelybreak the motor assembly when the reed switch is activated. Activelybreaking the motor includes shorting electrical leads to the motorassembly. The processing circuit may be configured to bring the motorassembly to a desired rotational position, wherein the processingcircuit uses a motor control topology to ensure repeatable positionalcontrol.

In some embodiments, a lever or arm is coupled to the motor assembly androtates when the motor assembly is activated. The lever or arm may beconfigured to couple to a chain attached to a flushing mechanism withinthe reservoir, wherein rotation of the lever or arm causes the chain toactuate the flushing mechanism.

In some embodiments, a power supply is coupled to the motor assembly,wherein the processing circuit activates the motor assembly by providingthe motor assembly with an electric current from the power supply. Theprocessing circuit monitors the electric current provided to the motorassembly or a torque exerted by the motor assembly and initiates one ormore safety precautions if the current exceeds a current threshold orthe torque exceeds a torque threshold. The safety precautions mayinclude deactivating the motor assembly, limiting the electric currentprovided to the motor assembly, limiting the torque exerted by the motorassembly, and/or activating a warning indicator. The power supplyincludes one or more batteries. The batteries may be “C” batteries, “AA”batteries, nine-volt batteries, twelve-volt batteries, or rechargeablebatteries. The batteries may be a combination of those listed. In someembodiments, the processing circuit is configured to activate a warningindicator when the batteries require replacement.

In some embodiments, the processing circuit is configured to estimate agesture performed by a user and initiate one or more supplementalactions based on the estimated gesture. The supplemental actions mayinclude initiating a short flush, initiating a long flush, dispensing adeodorant, and initiating a cleaning process. In some embodiments, oneor more additional touchless sensors may be used. The processing circuitestimates the gesture based on a plurality of signals received from thesensors. In some embodiments, the processing circuit includes a radioreceiver and is configured to activate the motor assembly based on aradio signal received by the radio receiver.

In some embodiments, the touchless actuation system for a toiletincludes a projected capacitive sensor, a motor assembly, and aprocessing circuit configured to receive a signal from the sensor andactivate the motor assembly based on the signal. The motor assembly isconfigured to actuate flushing of the toilet when activated by theprocessing circuit. The actuation system is completely concealed behindan optically opaque surface. The projected capacitive sensor isconfigured to project an electromagnetic field through the opaquesurface such that the electromagnetic field defines a detection regionon a side of the surface opposite the sensor. The projected capacitivesensor is located within a closed reservoir for the toilet and lacks anoptical path to the detection region.

In some embodiments, the touchless actuation system for a toiletincludes a first touchless sensor, a motor assembly, and a processingcircuit configured to receive a first signal from the first touchlesssensor. The processing circuit detects an object within a detectionregion based on the first signal. The first touchless sensor lacks anoptical path to the detection region. The processing circuit isconfigured to activate the motor assembly upon detecting the object, andthe motor assembly is configured to actuate flushing of the toilet whenactivated by the processing circuit. The first touchless sensor may be aprojected capacitive sensor or a microwave sensor. The first touchlesssensor may be electrically shorted to the motor assembly. The firsttouchless sensor may be electrically shorted to water contained within areservoir for the toilet. The actuation system is completely concealedwithin a closed reservoir for the toilet. The system also includes asecond touchless sensor. The processing circuit is configured to receivea second signal from the second touchless sensor. The first signalincludes a first measurement value and a first time value, and thesecond signal includes a second measurement value and a second timevalue. The processing circuit determines whether the first measurementvalue exceeds a first threshold and whether the second measurement valueexceeds a second threshold. The processing circuit compares a differencebetween the first time value and the second time value with a timethreshold in response to the first measurement value exceeding the firstthreshold and the second measurement value exceeding the secondthreshold. The processing circuit determines whether an object isdetected within the detection region based on the comparison.

Another embodiment relates to a touchless actuation system for a toilet.The system includes a first touchless sensor, a motor assembly and aprocessing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to receive afirst signal from the first touchless sensor and to detect an objectwithin a detection region based on the first signal. The first touchlesssensor lacks an optical path to the detection region. The processingcircuit is configured to activate the motor assembly upon detecting theobject and wherein the motor assembly is configured to actuate flushingof the toilet when activated by the processing circuit. The firsttouchless sensor is one of a projected capacitive sensor and a microwavesensor. The actuation system is completely concealed within a closedreservoir for the toilet. The first touchless sensor is electricallyshorted to the motor assembly. The first touchless sensor iselectrically shorted to water contained within a reservoir for thetoilet. The system may further include a second touchless sensor. Theprocessing circuit is configured to receive a second signal from thesecond touchless sensor. The first signal includes a first measurementvalue and a first time value. The second signal includes a secondmeasurement value and a second time value. The processing circuit isfurther configured to determine whether the first measurement valueexceeds a first threshold and whether the second measurement valueexceeds a second threshold. The processing circuit is also configured tocompare a difference between the first time value and the second timevalue with a time threshold in response to the first measurement valueexceeding the first threshold and the second measurement value exceedingthe second threshold. The processing circuit is also configured todetermine whether an object is detected within the detection regionbased on the comparison.

The foregoing is a summary and thus by necessity containssimplifications, generalizations, and omissions of detail. Consequently,those skilled in the art will appreciate that the summary isillustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. Otheraspects, inventive features, and advantages of the devices and/orprocesses described herein, as defined solely by the claims, will becomeapparent in the detailed description set forth herein and taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a drawing illustrating a perspective view of a touchlessactuation system contained within a housing including a cover and apositioning bracket, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 1B shows an alternate embodiment of the touchless actuation systemof FIG. 1A, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2A is a drawing illustrating a perspective view of the housing ingreater detail, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2B shows an alternate embodiment of the housing of FIG. 2A,according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3A is a drawing illustrating a perspective view of the cover ingreater detail, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3B shows an alternate embodiment of the cover of FIG. 3A, accordingto an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3C shows an additional embodiment of the cover of FIG. 3A,according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4A is a drawing illustrating a perspective view of the positioningbracket in greater detail, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4B shows an alternate embodiment of the positioning bracket of FIG.4A, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5A is a drawing illustrating the connection between the housing ofFIG. 2A and the positioning bracket of FIG. 4A, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5B is a drawing illustrating the connection between the housing ofFIG. 2B and the positioning bracket of FIG. 4B, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 6A is a drawing illustrating the positioning bracket of FIG. 4Ahanging from a side wall of a toilet reservoir and positioning thetouchless actuation system of FIG. 1A within the reservoir, according toan exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 6B is a drawing illustrating the positioning bracket of FIG. 4Bhanging from a side wall of a toilet reservoir and positioning thetouchless actuation system of FIG. 1B within the reservoir, according toan exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7A is a block diagram showing the electrical connections andcommunication paths between components of the touchless actuationsystem, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7B is a drawing showing multiple sensors of the touchless actuationsystem positioned within a toilet reservoir, according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 7C is a flowchart of a process for interpreting input signalsreceived from the multiple sensors shown in FIG. 7B and determiningwhether to actuate flushing based on the received signals, according toan exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7D is a flowchart of a process for interpreting input signalsreceived by multiple sensors and determine an action to take based on anestimated user gesture.

FIG. 8 is a drawing illustrating a perspective view of a wheel assemblyused to actuate flushing of the toilet, according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 9A is a drawing of the touchless actuation system of FIG. 1A withthe cover open showing the internal components, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 9B is a drawing illustrating an exploded view of the touchlessactuation system of FIG. 1B, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 9C is a drawing of the touchless activation system of FIG. 1A withthe cover open showing the internal components, according to anadditional embodiment.

FIG. 10A illustrates a first alternate configuration of a touchlessactuation system using an alternate mounting bracket and electronicsconfiguration, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 10B illustrates the alternative configuration of FIG. 10A from aside view and without an exploded view.

FIG. 10C illustrates the alternative configuration of FIG. 10A without areservoir.

FIG. 10D illustrates the alternative configuration of FIG. 10A withattention on the interior of housing and the components therein.

FIG. 11A illustrates a second alternate configuration of a touchlessactuation system using a pivoting sensor body supported by a hollow stemcoupled to an existing flush valve, according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 11B illustrates the alternative configuration of FIG. 11A showingthe pivoting sensor body.

FIG. 11C illustrates the alternative configuration of FIG. 11A with aninternal view of the system.

FIG. 11D illustrates the alternative configuration of FIG. 11A relativeto a toilet reservoir.

FIG. 11E illustrates the alternative configuration of FIG. 11Apositioned within a toilet reservoir with an overhead view.

FIG. 12A illustrates a third alternate configuration of a touchlessactuation system using a compact sensor package supported by an existingfill valve in the reservoir, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 12B illustrates the alternative configuration of FIG. 12A with aview showing the components within the housing.

FIG. 12C illustrates the alternative configuration of FIG. 12A with aninternal view of the housing and as the system is positioned within thereservoir.

FIG. 12D illustrates the positioning within the reservoir of thealternative configuration depicted in FIG. 12A.

FIG. 12E illustrates the positioning within the reservoir of thealternative configuration depicted in FIG. 12A according to an isometricview.

FIG. 13A illustrates a fourth alternate configuration of a touchlessactuation system in which the sensor electronics package is verticallyrotatable, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 13B illustrates the alternative configuration of FIG. 13A with thesensor body positioned to create a detection region above the lid of thereservoir.

FIG. 13C illustrates the alternative configuration of FIG. 13A with thesensor body positioned to create a detection region along one side ofthe reservoir.

FIG. 13D illustrates a cutaway view of the alternative configuration ofFIG. 13A.

FIG. 13E illustrates the components within the housing of thealternative configuration of FIG. 13A.

FIG. 13F illustrates a top view of an embodiment of a touchlessactivation system in relation to a toilet reservoir, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 13G illustrates a side view of an embodiment of a touchlessactivation system in relation to a toilet reservoir, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 13H illustrates a top view of the opaque lid of an embodiment of atouchless activation system in relation to a toilet reservoir, accordingto an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 13I illustrates an isometric view of the opaque reservoir of anembodiment of a touchless activation system in relation to a toiletreservoir, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 13J illustrates a side view of an embodiment of a touchlessactivation system in relation to a toilet reservoir, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a drawing illustrating a variety of optional sensorlocations, according to varying exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating how a toilet may be retrofit with animproved touchless flushing system embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before discussing further details of the touchless actuation systemand/or the components thereof, it should be noted that references to“front,” “back,” “rear,” “upward,” “downward,” “inner,” “outer,”“right,” and “left” in this description are merely used to identify thevarious elements as they are oriented in the FIGURES. These terms arenot meant to limit the element which they describe, as the variouselements may be oriented differently in various applications.

It should further be noted that, for purposes of this disclosure, theterm “coupled” means the joining of two members directly or indirectlyto one another. Such joining may be stationary in nature or moveable innature and/or such joining may allow for the flow of fluids,electricity, electrical signals, or other types of signals orcommunication between the two members. Such joining may be achieved withthe two members or the two members and any additional intermediatemembers being integrally formed as a single unitary body with oneanother or with the two members or the two members and any additionalintermediate members being attached to one another. Such joining may bepermanent in nature or alternatively may be removable or releasable innature.

Referring generally to the FIGURES, a touchless actuation system for atoilet is shown, according to various exemplary embodiments. Thetouchless actuation system may be contained within a protective housingand mounted within a closed toilet reservoir. The protective housing mayencapsulate a touchless sensor, a motor assembly, and a power supply.The touchless sensor may be a projected capacitive sensor, a microwavesensor, an electromagnetic sensor, or another type of sensor capable ofdetecting an object without requiring an optical path (e.g., a line ofsight) between the sensor and the object.

The touchless sensor may project an electromagnetic field or microwaveemission through an optically opaque surface of the reservoir and into adetection region outside the reservoir. In some embodiments, thedetection region may be above the reservoir lid. Upon detecting anobject in the detection region, the touchless actuation system mayactivate the motor assembly, thereby causing a wheel assembly to rotate.The wheel assembly may be connected to a flush valve (e.g., a valveball, “flapper” or canister-style valve) within the reservoir via achain or other coupling link. Rotation of the wheel assembly may openthe flush valve and result in actuation (e.g., flushing) of the toilet.

In some implementations, the touchless actuation system may be mountedwithin the reservoir via a positioning bracket. The positioning bracketmay be configured to fit over an upper edge of a vertical reservoirsurface (e.g., a front surface, a back surface, a side surface, etc.).The positioning bracket may attach to the housing for securing thetouchless actuation system within the closed reservoir. The positioningbracket may be configured to attach to the housing at a variety ofdifferent locations for controlling the vertical position of thetouchless sensor. For example, it may be advantageous to position thesensor as close as possible to the reservoir lid. The adaptability ofthe positioning bracket may facilitate implementation of the touchlessactuation system in toilets having a variety of lid thicknesses.

After mounting the touchless actuation system within the reservoir, anoptically opaque lid may be placed over the reservoir, therebyconcealing the touchless actuation system from view. Advantageously, thetouchless actuation system may be entirely contained within the closedreservoir. All components, including all moving components (e.g., thewheel assembly, the motor assembly), the power supply, and the touchlesssensor, may be completely hidden from view. A user may flush the toiletby waving his or her hand over the reservoir lid. The touchlessactuation system may detect the user's hand above the lid withoutrequiring an optical path between the sensor and the detection region.

Referring now to FIG. 1A, a touchless actuation system 100 is shown,according to an exemplary embodiment. System 100 is shown to include ahousing 102, a cover 104, a wheel assembly 150, and a positioningbracket 180. Housing 102 may be closed on one end by cover 104. Housing102 and cover 104 may form an enclosure for system 100 and protect theelectrical components of system 100 from external sources of damage orcontamination (e.g., water damage, physical damage, chemical damage,etc.). In some embodiments, housing 102 and cover 104 may bewater-resistant or waterproof, thereby facilitating the implementationof system 100 in a humid environment. For example, system 100 may bepositioned within a toilet reservoir and/or submerged in water eitherpartially or completely. Positioning bracket 180 may attach to housing102 for securing system 100 within the reservoir and to a verticalreservoir surface. Wheel assembly 150 may link system 100 with a flushvalve at the bottom of the reservoir. In some embodiments, a chain orother coupling device may attach to wheel assembly 150 and to the flushvalve. Rotation of wheel assembly 150 may pull on the chain and open theflush valve, thereby actuating flushing of the toilet.

FIG. 1B shows an alternate embodiment of system 100. This embodimentillustrates that additional housing and bracket designs and/or shapesmay be used with system 100. Housing 102 is elongated in comparison tothe embodiment shown in FIG. 1A. The dimensions of housing 102 may bealtered to accommodate design or aesthetic choices as illustrated inthis embodiment. With reference to FIG. 1B, housing 102 has two circularpegs. Bracket 180 has slots configured to accept the circular pegs. Theslots prevent rotation of housing 102 relative to bracket 180. The slotsfurther allow housing 102 to be positioned at various heights relativeto bracket 180.

Referring now to FIG. 2A, housing 102 is shown in greater detail,according to an exemplary embodiment. Housing 102 is shown to include ashell 101, a cover axle 103, a positioning peg 105, a port 107, and aseal channel 108. Shell 101 may form an outer surface of housing 102having an opening on one end thereof. In some embodiments, shell 101 maybe made of a polymeric material such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS), high density polyethylene (HDPE), or another polymeric orelastomeric material. In other embodiments, shell 101 may be made ofmetals, ceramics, or any other suitable material. Shell 101 may containat least some of the electrical or mechanical components of system 100and protect such components from external sources of damage orcontamination.

Cover axle 103 may provide an axial link between housing 102 and cover104. Cover axle 103 may define an axis about which cover 104 rotatesbetween an open position and a closed position. In some embodiments,cover axle 103 may be a rod or bar offset from an upper edge of shell101. Cover axle 103 may extend longitudinally between a first end and asecond end, each of which may be attached to shell 101. In otherembodiments, cover axle 103 may be a hinge, pivot joint, or other typeof bearing providing a rotatable linkage between housing 102 and cover104.

Peg 105 is shown as a horizontal extrusion, extending outward from aside surface of shell 101. Peg 105 may be configured to fit into acorresponding slot in positioning bracket 180 for attaching housing 102to positioning bracket 180. In some embodiments, peg 105 may preventhousing 102 from rotating relative to positioning bracket 180. Forexample, peg 105 may be a slender rectangular extrusion configured tofit into a rectangular slot in positioning bracket 180. Therectangularity of peg 105 may prevent the rotation of housing 102relative to positioning bracket 180. In other embodiments, a pluralityof pegs 105 may extend from shell 101. The plurality of pegs 105 mayprevent rotation between housing 102 and positioning bracket 180 bylinking such components in multiple locations. In some embodiments, peg105 may fit into one of several available slots located at variousheights along positioning bracket 180. By selecting a particular slotinto which peg 105 is inserted, one can adjust the height of housing 102relative to positioning bracket 180. This adjustability may facilitatethe installation of system 100 at various heights inside a toiletreservoir and provide improved sensing potential.

Still referring to FIG. 2A, housing 102 is shown to include a port 107.Port 107 may be a hole, bore, slot, channel, or other opening throughwhich a solid object may extend. In an exemplary embodiment, port 107may allow a physical, mechanical, or other connection between a motorassembly contained within housing 102 and an actuation mechanismexternal to housing 102 (e.g., a traditional “flapper,” a canister-styleseal, valve ball, etc.). For example, a shaft or axle may extend throughport 107 and connect the motor assembly within housing 102 to wheelassembly 150. Activating the motor assembly may cause wheel assembly 150to rotate, thereby triggering the actuation mechanism. Port 107 mayinclude a seal, a bearing, or other intermediate component to facilitateoperation of the motor assembly and/or to protect system 100 fromexternal sources of damage or contamination which may include water inthe toilet reservoir.

In some embodiments, housing 102 further includes a seal channel 108along an outer perimeter of the opening in shell 101. Seal channel 108may be an indentation into which a perimeter seal may be inserted. Theperimeter seal may provide a water-resistant or waterproof barrierbetween shell 101 and cover 104 when cover 104 is in the closedposition.

Referring now to FIG. 2B, an alternate embodiment of housing 102 isshown. In FIG. 2B, cover axle 103 is shown as two disjoined axlesegments. Each axle segment is shown independently connected to shell101. Additionally, FIG. 2B shows peg 105 as a pair of circular pegsrather than a single rectangular peg (as shown in FIG. 2A). Pegs 105 andaxle segments 103 may be on a same side or different side of housing102. Housing 102 may be elongated, as depicted, or otherwise altered toaccommodate design or aesthetic choices.

Referring now to FIG. 3A, cover 104 is shown in greater detail,according to an exemplary embodiment. Cover 104 may be configured to fitover the opening in housing 102, thereby forming an enclosure withinwhich various electrical components of system 100 may be contained.Cover 104 may protect system 100 from external sources of damage (e.g.,water damage, pollution, physical damage, chemical damage,electromagnetic radiation) as well as internal sources of damage (e.g.,excessive heat generation, electrical damage, etc.). Cover 104 is shownto include hinges 111 and a clip 109.

Hinges 111 are shown extending from an edge of cover 104. Hinges 111 maybe used to couple cover 104 (e.g., releasably or permanently) to coveraxle 103. The coupling between hinges 111 and cover axle 103 may definean axis about which cover 104 may rotate between an open position and aclosed position. Clip 109 may hold, lock, or otherwise secure cover 104in the closed position by engaging an edge of housing 102. In someembodiments, clip 109 may be configured to maintain a desired pressureor clamping force between housing 102 and cover 104 when cover 104 is inthe closed position. The clamping force may ensure that housing 102 andcover 104 provide a water-resistant or waterproof and/or contaminationproof barrier around the other components of system 100.

FIG. 3B shows an alternate embodiment of cover 104. This alternateembodiment may allow for use of cover 104 with housing 102 whereinhousing 102 has two disjoined cover axles 103. The disjoined cover axles103 form an axis about which cover 104 rotates. Cover 104 rotatesbetween an open and closed position. With cover 104 in the closedposition, this embodiment may provide a water resistant or waterproofand/or contaminant proof barrier around system 100.

FIG. 3C shows a further embodiment of cover 104. Clip 109 extendsfurther out from cover 104 to allow for easier manipulation and alocation for labeling. Additionally, clip 109 may hold, lock, orotherwise secure cover 104 in the closed position by engaging aprotruding structure of housing 102.

Referring now to FIG. 4A, positioning bracket 180 is shown in greaterdetail, according to an exemplary embodiment. Positioning bracket 180 isshown to include a plurality of positioning slots 182. Slots 182 may beconfigured to receive positioning peg 105 for attaching positioningbracket 180 to housing 102. Each of slots 182 is shown to include a wideportion 183 and a narrow portion 184. Peg 105 may be inserted into wideportion 183 and then moved horizontally into narrow portion 184. Theplurality of slots 182 are shown arranged horizontally at variousheights along positioning bracket 180. Each of slots 182 may bepositioned at different heights. The plurality of heights associatedwith slots 182 may be used to adjust the position of housing 102relative to positioning bracket 180. Positioning bracket 180 may beconfigured to operate with a plurality of pegs 105.

In some embodiments, positioning bracket 180 may have a shape whichallows housing 102 to be secured, positioned, oriented, or attached to avariety of surfaces, ledges, and/or irregularly shaped objects. Forexample, positioning bracket 180 may have a “U-shaped” slot 186. Slot186 may be configured to fit over an upper edge of a toilet reservoirwall (e.g., a front wall, a rear wall, a side wall, etc.). Similarly,positioning bracket 180 may include flange 187 to help securepositioning bracket 180 and aid in its positioning on an upper edge of atoilet reservoir. In other embodiments, positioning bracket 180 mayextend between two or more reservoir wall segments in a bridgedconfiguration.

Referring now to FIG. 4B, an alternate embodiment of positioning bracket180 is shown. In FIG. 4B, slots 182 are shown as pairs of slots ratherthan a single slot for each height increment. The pairs of slots may beconfigured to receive the pairs of circular pegs 105 shown in FIG. 2B.Positioning bracket 180 is shown without flange 187. Flange 187 may beexcluded from some embodiments of bracket 180 for design or aestheticrationales (e.g. to improve ease of bracket installation, limit theprofile of the bracket in installations with limited space, provideclean and/or straight lines, etc.).

Referring now to FIG. 5A, positioning bracket 180 is shown attached tohousing 102, according to an exemplary embodiment. In the illustratedconfiguration, peg 105 is shown inserted into the lowest of slots 182.This configuration may be used for positioning housing 102 at arelatively low position within the toilet reservoir (e.g., closer to thebottom of the reservoir). The illustrated configuration may be used toadapt to a toilet with a relatively thick reservoir lid. To adjust thevertical position of housing 102, peg 105 may be inserted into adifferent slot 182. For example, peg 105 may be removed from the lowestof slots 182 and inserted into one of the higher slots. Thisadjustability may facilitate the installation of housing 102 at variousheights within a toilet reservoir and/or adapt to a variety of reservoirlid thicknesses.

FIG. 5B shows the positioning bracket 180 of FIG. 4B attached to thehousing 102 of FIG. 2B. Bracket 180 has slots configured to accept roundpegs. Bracket 180 is further configured to allow housing 102 to bepositioned at different heights relative to bracket 180.

In some embodiments, positioning bracket 180 may be of a type other thanis shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. Positioning bracket 180 may be locatedentirely within the reservoir. Positioning bracket 180 may be attachedto an inner surface of the reservoir with suction cups or adhesives. Forexample, the positioning bracket may be attached to the lid of thereservoir with adhesive thereby allowing the projected capacitive sensorto be adjusted. In some embodiments the positioning bracket may be atripod. The positioning bracket may be free standing on the reservoir ormay be secured to other components in the reservoir such as the fillvalve. For example, the positioning bracket could be a tripod with oneleg secured to the fill valve with brackets or bands. The positioningbracket may also be secured to the reservoir with adhesives or suctioncups. The positioning bracket may have any number of legs. In someembodiments, the positioning bracket may be a truss supported by more ormore legs. The positioning bracket may also be a platform supported byan interference fit with two or more walls of the reservoir. Thispositioning bracket would have openings for the equipment located in thereservoir such as the fill valve. A platform based positioning bracketwould have the advantage of not requiring supporting legs, adhesives, orsuction cups and would be located entirely within the reservoir.

In some embodiments, positioning bracket 180 may be used to position asingle component of system 100 rather than all the components andhousing 102. The positioning bracket may also be used to position agroup or subset of the components of the system. For example, thepositioning bracket may position the projected capacitive sensor andprocessing circuit. Continuing the example, the motor assembly, wheelassembly, and power supply may be located on the fill valve. In someembodiments, multiple positioning brackets may be used for a variety ofcomponents of system 100. For example, one positioning bracket may holdthe projected capacitive sensor near the lid of the reservoir with asecond positioning bracket securing the motor assembly, processingcircuit, wheel assembly, and power supply near the flush valve. Thecomponents may be connected wirelessly or with wires.

Referring now to FIG. 6A, positioning bracket 180 is shown mounted on arear wall 192 of a toilet reservoir 190, according to an exemplaryembodiment. U-shaped slot 186 is shown inserted over an upper edge ofrear wall 192, securing system 100 within reservoir 190. A reservoir lid(not shown) may be placed over the top of reservoir 190, completelyconcealing system 100 within reservoir 190. Advantageously, as it may bedesirable to locate system 100 as close as possible to the reservoirlid, positioning slots 182 may allow the vertical position of system 100to be adjusted. A close placement of system 100 to the reservoir lid mayassist in detecting an object in a detection region above the reservoirlid.

FIG. 6B shows the system 100 of FIG. 1B mounted on a rear wall of atoilet reservoir. The shape of housing 102 may be altered so thathousing 102 fits within a toilet reservoir. Housing 102 may have altereddimensions to fit one particular model of toilet reservoir. In someembodiments, housing 102 may be configured to have dimensions whichallow the housing to fit multiple toilet reservoirs. The dimensions ofhousing 102 may be optimized to allow housing 102 to fit the widestrange of toilet reservoirs possible or a range subset of toiletreservoir designs. Positioning bracket 180 may be selected fromalternative embodiments to provide the desired height adjustment andposition of housing 102 within the toilet reservoir.

Referring now to FIG. 7A, a block diagram of system 100 is shown,according to an exemplary embodiment. System 100 is shown to include asensor 110, a processing circuit 120 including a processor 122 andmemory 124, a power supply 130, and a motor assembly 140. System 100 isfurther shown to include a wheel assembly 150, a reed switch 160, and acommunications interface 170.

In operation, sensor 110 may produce a signal indicating the presence ofan object (e.g., a user's hand or forearm) within a detection region andtransmit the signal to processing circuit 120. Processing circuit 120may respond by activating motor assembly 140, thereby causing wheelassembly 150 to rotate. Wheel assembly 150 may be coupled to a flushvalve (e.g., a flapper, a canister-style seal, etc.) via a linking chainor other coupling mechanism such that rotation of wheel assembly 150actuates flushing of the toilet (e.g., by lifting the flapper or sealcovering a water outlet at the bottom of the reservoir).

In some embodiments, sensor 110 is a projected capacitive sensor. Sensor110 may use projected capacitive technology to detect the presence of anelectromagnetic field-absorbing object within a detection region nearsensor 110. For example, sensor 110 may include an electrode, a plate,or other conductive or semi-conductive object defining one half of acapacitor. Sensor 110 may project an electromagnetic field into thedetection region from the electrode and produce a signal indicating acapacitance relative to ground. An electromagnetic field-absorbingobject (e.g., a hand, forearm, or other body part of a user) within thedetection region may effectively form the second half of the capacitorsuch that movement of the object toward or away from sensor 110 changesthe measured capacitance.

In some embodiments, sensor 110 may be electrically shorted (e.g.,grounded, connected, linked, etc.) to one or more objects within thetoilet reservoir. For example, the electrode or plate defining one halfof the capacitor may be shorted to a side face of motor assembly 140,wheel assembly 150, or housing 102. Connecting sensor 110 to suchcomponents may increase the detection region (i.e., the sensing field)of sensor 110 by using the shorted components as additional surfaces forthe capacitor half. Advantageously, such an increase in the sensingfield may reduce or eliminate the effect of a change in the water levelwithin the toilet reservoir on the signal produced by sensor 110 (e.g.,by allowing sensor 110 to “see” the water at all times). In someembodiments, sensor 110 may be shorted (e.g., electrically connected,grounded, etc.) to the water within the reservoir, thereby preventing anincrease or decrease in the water level from affecting the measuredcapacitance.

Advantageously, the use of projected capacitive technology in system 100eliminates the need for an optical path or line of sight between sensor110 and the detection region. The electromagnetic field produced bysensor 110 may penetrate the vitreous or other material comprising thereservoir lid, thereby allowing sensor 110 to “see through” theoptically opaque structures of the reservoir. In other embodiments,sensor 110 may be a microwave sensor, a magnetic sensor, or other typeof sensor capable of detecting the presence of an object withoutrequiring an optical path thereto. By eliminating the need for anoptical path between sensor 110 and the detection region, sensor 110 maybe completely concealed within an optically opaque reservoir (e.g.,without providing a sensor window or hole in the reservoir body). Thisadvantage may assist in retrofitting existing toilets with system 100without requiring the replacement or modification of any existingcomponents (e.g., replacing the reservoir lid, drilling a hole in thereservoir, replacing the handle, etc.).

In some embodiments, system 100 may be located outside the reservoir.For example, system 100 may be used in conjunction with “in-wall” tanksand may be installed within a solid or opaque wall adjacent to thein-wall tank. Optionally, system 100 may be installed within a ceiling,floor, cabinet, or other structure in proximity to the toilet. In someembodiments, an optical path may exist between sensor 110 and thedetection region. However, an optical path is not required.

In some embodiments, the sensor of system 100 may be located in aposition remote from the remaining components of system 100 (e.g. powersupply, motor assembly, processing circuit). In some embodiments, thesensor is located in the reservoir positioned by the positioning bracketwhile the processing circuit and power supply are located outside thereservoir. The sensor may be connected wirelessly or with wires to theprocessing circuit. The processing circuit may be located on the portionof the positing bracket extending outside of the reservoir, in acabinet, in a wall, or in any other location. The motor assembly may beconnected to the processing circuit wirelessly or with wires. The motorassembly is also connected to a power supply. In some embodiments, thepower supply may be located outside the reservoir and connected to themotor assembly located in the reservoir. The motor assembly and theprojected capacitive sensor may be separate from one another yet bothare still located in the reservoir. For example, the projectedcapacitive sensor may be located on the portion of the positioningbracket inside the reservoir, and the motor assembly may be located onfill valve.

In some embodiments, all the components of system 100 may be located inthe reservoir but may not be located within a single housing 102.Multiple housings may be used with each component located in its ownhousing or some components sharing a housing. For example, the projectedcapacitive sensor may be located near the lid of the reservoir, eitherheld in place with a positioning bracket or attached directly to the lidof the reservoir (e.g. with adhesive, suction cups, etc.). Continuingthe example, the motor assembly may be located on the fill valve withthe power supply and processing circuit resting on the bottom of thereservoir. The components may be connected wirelessly or with wires.Other positions are possible for each component including attached toreservoir surfaces (e.g. with adhesive, with suction cups, etc.), to thefill valve, to the flush valve, or to a positioning bracket of any type.

Still referring to FIG. 7A, system 100 may further include a processingcircuit 120. Processing circuit 120 may be part of an electronicspackage configured to operate and control sensor 110 and motor assembly140. Processing circuit 120 may include a printed circuit board (PCB)having a processor 122 and memory 124 contained therein. Processor 122may be implemented as a general purpose processor, an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC), one or more field programmable gatearrays (FPGAs), a group of processing components, or other suitableelectronic processing components.

Memory 124 may include one or more devices (e.g., RAM, ROM, Flashmemory, hard disk storage, etc.) for storing data and/or computer codefor completing and/or facilitating the various processes, layers, andmodules described in the present disclosure. Memory 124 may comprisevolatile memory or non-volatile memory. Memory 124 may include databasecomponents, object code components, script components, or any other typeof information structure for supporting the various activities andinformation structures described in the present disclosure. According toan exemplary embodiment, the memory 124 is communicably connected to theprocessor 122 and includes computer instructions for executing (e.g.,the processor 122) one or more processes described herein.

In some embodiments, processing circuit 120 may be communicablyconnected to sensor 110 and motor assembly 140. Processing circuit 120may interpret a signal produced by sensor 110 and determine whether toactivate motor assembly 140 based on said signal. In some embodiments,processing circuit 120 may be configured to monitor a time since motorassembly 140 was last activated. Upon receiving a detection signal fromsensor 110, processing circuit 120 may compare the time since motorassembly 140 was last activated with a time threshold. Processingcircuit 120 may prevent reactivation of motor assembly 140 if the timesince the most recent previous activation is less than the timethreshold. The time threshold may prevent re-flushing of the toiletuntil a sufficient time has elapsed to allow the reservoir to refill.

Still referring to FIG. 7A, system 100 may further include a motorassembly 140. Motor assembly 140 may be a general purpose electric motor(e.g., a brushed DC motor) configured to rotate a shaft in response toan electric current. The shaft of the motor may extend through port 107in shell 101 and may connect to an actuation mechanism outside housing102. Motor assembly 140 may be configured to accept an alternatingcurrent or a direct current and may include a voltage converter or anAC/DC converter. Motor assembly 140 may include a current-limited ortorque-limited motor to prevent damage to system 100 in the event thatrotation is blocked. In other embodiments, motor assembly 140 mayinclude a clutch or other torque-sensitive component configured to allowslippage between the motor shaft and an electromagnetic rotor within themotor if the output torque exceeds a threshold value. Motor assembly 140may include a stepper motor, brushed DC motor, brushless DC motor, ACinduction motor, etc. Motor assembly 140 may further include a gearbox.The gearbox may provide a mechanical connection between wheel assembly150 and the motor. The gearbox may, in conjunction with the motor,provide an amount of torque sufficient to rotate wheel assembly 150. Theamount of torque may be selected through variations in either the motoror gearbox or a combination of the two. The amount of torque may beoptimized for specific applications through this selection process. Thegearbox may also be selected to ensure that the torque does not exceed atorque threshold.

In some embodiments, processing circuit 120 may be configured to monitorthe torque exerted by motor assembly 140 or the electric currentprovided to motor assembly 140. Processing circuit 120 may be configuredto initiate one or more safety precautions if the electric currentexceeds a current threshold or the torque exceeds a torque threshold.The safety precautions may include deactivating motor assembly 140,limiting the electric current provided to motor assembly 140, limitingthe torque exerted by motor assembly 140, and/or activating a warningindicator (e.g., a piezoelectric speaker, an LED or other light, etc.).

Still referring to FIG. 7A, system 100 may further include a powersupply 130. Power supply 130 may provide power to motor assembly 140 aswell as the other electronic components of system 100. In someembodiments, processing circuit 120 may determine whether to deliverpower to motor assembly 140 from power supply 130 based on the signalreceived from sensor 110. Power supply 130 may include batteries (e.g.,“AA” batteries, “C” batteries, nine volt batteries, twelve voltbatteries, rechargeable batteries, etc.) contained within housing 102.In some embodiments, processing circuit 120 may be configured toactivate a warning indicator (e.g., a piezoelectric speaker, an LED orother light, etc.) to inform a user that the batteries requirereplacement or that another error has occurred (e.g., stuck motor,non-responsive sensor, etc.). In some embodiments, power supply 130 mayinclude a power converter (e.g., a voltage converter, an AC/DCconverter, etc.). In some embodiments, power supply 130 may receivepower from a power source external to housing 102 (e.g. an electricoutlet connected to a traditional power grid). In other embodiments, thepower source (e.g., batteries) is contained within housing 102.

Still referring to FIG. 7A, in some embodiments, system 100 may includea communications interface 170. Communications interface 170 may includewired or wireless interfaces (e.g., jacks, antennas, transmitters,receivers, transceivers, wire terminals, etc.) for conducting datacommunications between system 100 and external sources. In an exemplaryembodiment, communications interface 170 may be a radio receiver.Communications interface 170 may be used as a supplemental trigger foractuating flushing in addition to the signal received via sensor 110.For example, a user may transmit a signal (e.g., via a remote control, awired control panel, touch sensor, or any other input device) tocommunications interface 170. The transmitted signal may be interpretedby processing circuit 120 and used as a basis for activating motorassembly 140. In some embodiments, communications interface 170 mayfurther be used to send a warning signal (e.g. that the batteries needto be replaced or another error has occurred) to an external sysyem.

In some embodiments, system 100 may include two or more sensors 110.Referring now to FIG. 7B, system 100 is shown to include a first sensor110 a and a second sensor 110 b, according to an exemplary embodiment.Sensors 110 a, 110 b may be a pair of projected capacitive sensors, aprojected capacitive sensor and a different type of sensor (e.g.,microwave, infrared, magnetic, etc.), or a pair of non-capacitivesensors. Each of sensors 110 a, 110 b may or may not require an opticalpath to the detection region. In the illustrated embodiment, sensors 110a, 110 b are shown positioned within a toilet reservoir 190. Variousother sensor positions may be used (e.g., adjacent to the reservoir; inthe ceiling, floor, or wall near the toilet; in a cabinet, etc.). One ormore sensors may be located outside a toilet reservoir. In someembodiments, sensor 110 a is mounted on a first surface of the reservoirand sensor 110 b is mounted on a second surface of the reservoir (e.g.,via respective positioning brackets 180, adhesive compounds, or otherpositioning devices). The mounting surfaces of the reservoir may beopposite surfaces (e.g., left and right, front and back, top and bottom)or adjacent surfaces (e.g., front and left, front and right, right andback, etc.). Sensors may also be positioned on the underside of thereservoir lid. Sensors 110 a, 110 b may have overlapping or discretedetection regions.

Processing circuit 120 may determine whether to activate motor assembly140 based on input received from both sensors 110 a, 110 b.Advantageously, multiple sensors 110 may provide processing circuit 120with the ability to detect a direction in which an object is movingthrough the detection region or regions. For example, sensors 110 a, 110b may be proximity sensors, each producing a signal based on a distancebetween a detected object and the sensor. Processing circuit 120 mayinterpret the signals from sensors 110 a, 110 b and determine whether anobject is closer to sensor 110 a or sensor 110 b based on the sensorsignals. If an object is initially determined to be closer to sensor 110a and subsequently determined to be closer to sensor 110 b, processingcircuit 120 may estimate that the object is moving through the detectionregion from a point nearer to sensor 110 a to a point nearer to sensor110 b.

In some embodiments, the sensors may detect and record a number ofdifferent parameters and values. Recoded values may include the speed atwhich the object is moving through the detection region, the duration ofthe object in the detection region, or the sequence in which the objectenters multiple detection regions. These recorded values may be used toestimate various user gestures corresponding to different functions ofthe system. These functions may include short flushes, long flushes,raising or lowering the toilet seat or cover, dispensing deodorant, andinitiating a cleaning cycle.

Multiple sensors 110 may assist processing circuit 120 in identifyingand/or distinguishing various types of inputs received via sensors 110a, 110 b. For example, in some embodiments, processing circuit 120 maybe configured to estimate a gesture performed by a user. The gesture mayinclude waving a hand over the toilet reservoir (e.g., horizontally,vertically, diagonally, in circles, etc.). Multiple sensors 110 mayprovide processing circuit 120 with sufficient inputs to distinguish a“left-to-right” wave from a “right-to-left” wave. In some embodiments,processing circuit 120 may initiate one or more supplemental actionsbased on the estimated gesture. The supplemental actions may includeinitiating a low volume flush, initiating a high volume flush,dispensing a sanitizer or deodorant, initiating a cleaning process,raising or lowering a seat or lid, etc.

In some embodiments, a further sensor or sensors may be included tomonitor the position of the toilet seat and/or cover. A user gesture maybe defined which lowers or raises the toilet seat and/or cover when thegesture is detected by one or more projected capacitive sensors. Asingle gesture may both raise and lower the seat and/or cover with theaction being determined by the current state of the seat and/or cover.For example, a position sensor may determine that the toilet seat is inthe down position. A user performing the appropriate gesture (e.g. along pause over the sensor) would trigger the seat to raise. The sameseat position sensor would now register the seat as being raised. Whenthe user performs the same gesture again (e.g. a long pause over thesensor), the seat would be lowered.

In some embodiments, gestures performed by the user may include“left-to-right” waves and “right-to-left” waves. Gestures performed bythe user may also include vertical, diagonal, and circular movements ofthe user's hand or forearm. In some embodiments gestures performed bythe user may include a short pause over the sensor, a long pause overthe sensor, or any number of pauses for determined lengths of time. Forexample, a user's short pause over a sensor may correspond to activatingthe motor assembly for a short flush. A user's long pause over a sensormay initiate a long flush. A still longer pause may initiate a cleaningcycle or deodorant release. The pause set of gestures may be used inembodiments with one or more sensors.

Multiple sensors 110 may also provide processing circuit 120 withsufficient inputs to distinguish a user gesture from various otherfactors which may potentially affect the signals received from sensors110 a, 110 b. For example, the water level in the toilet reservoir mayaffect the signals received from sensors 110 a, 110 b. As the waterlevel in the reservoir rises and falls (e.g., due to filling thereservoir and flushing the toilet), the signals received from sensors110 a, 110 b may increase or decrease. However, if the signals from bothsensors 110 a, 110 b increase or decrease together (e.g.,simultaneously, proportionally, etc.), processing circuit 120 mayattribute such an increase or decrease to a change in the water levelrather than a user gesture. In some embodiments, one sensor (e.g.,sensor 110 a) may be used to monitor the water level in the reservoirwhile another sensor (e.g., sensor 110 b) may be used to detect a userinput above the reservoir lid. Processing circuit 120 may use the inputreceived from one sensor to calibrate or adjust the input received fromanother sensor to compensate for factors other than a user gesture whichmay affect the sensor signal.

Referring now to FIG. 7C, a flowchart of a process 700 for interpretingthe signals received from multiple sensors (e.g., sensors 110 a, 110 b)is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. Process 700 may be usedby processing circuit 120 to identify or distinguish various inputsdetected by sensors 110 a, 110 b and to initiate one or more actions(e.g., activating motor assembly 140, initiating a low or high volumeflush, etc.) based on such inputs. In some embodiments, process 700 maybe used to distinguish a user gesture (e.g., waving a hand above thereservoir) from an increase or decrease of the water level inside thereservoir. Process 700 may be used to distinguish inputs from non-userintended input (e.g. a change in the electromagnetic field produced bythe sensor not intended to flush the toilet).

Process 700 is shown to include receiving a first signal including afirst time value t₁ and a first measurement value z₁ from a first sensor(step 702). The first sensor may be either of sensors 110 a, 110 b or adifferent sensor. In some embodiments, the first sensor is a projectedcapacitive sensor, a microwave sensor, or another touchless sensorcapable of detecting an object without requiring an optical path betweenthe sensor and the detected object. In other embodiments, the firstsensor may be an infrared sensor, a visible light sensor, or other typeof optical sensor. Measurement value z₁ may be a sensor readingindicating a distance between a detected object and the first sensor, avelocity of the detected object relative to the first sensor, or anyother indicator of an object (e.g. a user's hand or forearm or anelectromagnetic field-absorbing object) moving into the first sensor'sdetection region. Time value t₁ may be a data value indicating a time atwhich measurement value z₁ is measured.

Process 700 is further shown to include comparing measurement value z₁with a first threshold value (step 704). The first threshold value maybe a static value (e.g., specified by a user, stored in memory, etc.) ora dynamic value (e.g., adaptively determined based on a history ofrecent measurements, etc.) indicating a threshold for measurement valuez₁. A measurement value z₁ greater than the first threshold value mayindicate that an object has moved into the detection region. However, ameasurement value z₁ greater than the first threshold value may also beattributable to a change in the water level within the toilet reservoir.If the first measurement value z₁ is not greater than the firstthreshold value, process 700 is shown to include repeating step 702.

If the first measurement value z₁ is greater than the first thresholdvalue, process 700 is shown to include receiving a second signalincluding a second time value t₂ and a second measurement value z₂ froma second sensor (step 706). The second sensor may be either of sensors110 a,110 b or a different sensor. In some embodiments, the secondsensor is a projected capacitive sensor, a microwave sensor, or anothertouchless sensor capable of detecting an object without requiring anoptical path between the sensor and the detected object. In otherembodiments, the second sensor may be an infrared sensor, a visiblelight sensor, or other type of optical sensor. Measurement value z₂ maybe a sensor reading indicating a distance between a detected object andthe second sensor, a velocity of the detected object relative to thesecond sensor, or any other indicator of an object (e.g. a user's handor forearm or an electromagnetic field-absorbing object) moving into thesecond sensor's detection region. Time value t₂ may be a data valueindicating a time at which measurement value z₂ is measured. In someembodiments, step 702 and step 706 may be performed concurrently.

Process 700 is further shown to include comparing measurement value z₂with a second threshold value (step 708). The second threshold value maybe a static or dynamic threshold for the second measurement value z₂.The second threshold value may be equal to the first threshold value,less than the first threshold value, or greater than the first thresholdvalue. A measurement value z₂ greater than the second threshold valuemay indicate that an object has moved into the detection region.However, a measurement value z₂ greater than the second threshold valuemay also be attributable to a change in the water level within thetoilet reservoir. If the second measurement value z₂ is not greater thanthe second threshold value, process 700 is shown to include repeatingstep 706. In some embodiments, step 704 and step 708 may be performedconcurrently.

If the second measurement value z₂ is greater than the second thresholdvalue, process 700 is shown to include comparing the difference betweentime values t₁ and t₂ with a time threshold (step 710). The differencebetween time values t₁ and t₂ (e.g., t₁−t₂) may indicate whether thefirst and second sensors have detected an object sequentially orconcurrently. If t₁−t₂ exceeds the time threshold, it may be determinedthat the first and second sensors have detected an object sequentially(e.g., a hand waving horizontally above the reservoir lid) (step 712).If t₁−t₂ does not exceed the time threshold, it may be determined thatthe first and second sensors have detected an object concurrently (e.g.,a water level uniformly increasing or decreasing within the reservoir)(step 714). Process 700 is shown to include activating the motorassembly if the detection is sequential (step 712) and not activatingthe motor assembly if the detection is concurrent (step 714). In someembodiments, the difference between t₁ and t₂ may be compared to thetime threshold. It may then be determined, using processing circuit 120,if a gesture performed by the user has occurred. In some embodiments,process 700 may be repeated iteratively each time a measurement signalis received.

Referring now to FIG. 7D, a flowchart of a process 800 for interpretingthe signals received from multiple sensors (e.g., sensors 110 a, 110 b)is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. Process 800 may be usedby processing circuit 120 to identify or distinguish various inputsdetected by sensors 110 a, 110 b and to initiate one or more actions(e.g., activating motor assembly 140, initiating a low or high volumeflush, etc.) based on such inputs. Measurement values z₁ and z₂ may besensor readings indicating a distance between a detected object and thefirst sensor, a velocity of the detected object relative to the firstsensor, or any other indicator of an object (e.g. a user's hand orforearm or an electromagnetic field-absorbing object) moving into thefirst sensor's detection region. Time values t₁ and t₂ may be datavalues indicating a time at which a measurement value is measured. Insome embodiments, system 100 detects an object with a first projectedcapacitive sensor and a first time value t₁ and a first measurementvalue z₁ are recorded (step 802). The first measurement z₁ is comparedto a first threshold value (step 804). The object is detected with asecond projected capacitive sensor and a second time value t₂ and asecond measurement value z₂ are recorded (step 806). The secondmeasurement value is compared with a second threshold value (step 808).The difference between the first time value and the second time value iscompared with a time threshold (step 810). It is determined if an objectwas detected within a detection region. An estimate of a user gesture isdetermined based on the time and measurement values (step 812).Depending on which gesture is estimated, a corresponding action isinitiated (step 814). For example, if a “left-to-right” wave of theuser's had is estimated, a long flush may be imitated. If a“right-to-left” wave is estimated, a short flush may be initiated. Insome embodiments, a high resolution detection scheme may be implementedwith multiple projected capacitance sensors. Gestures may be detectedincluding movements horizontally, vertically, diagonally, in circles,etc. corresponding actions may include a low volume flush, initiating ahigh volume flush, dispensing a sanitizer or deodorant, initiating acleaning process, raising or lowering a seat or lid, etc.

Referring now to FIG. 8, a detailed view of wheel assembly 150 is shown,according to an exemplary embodiment. Wheel assembly 150 is shown toinclude a circular disc 158 (i.e., a wheel), an axial connection 156, alinking element 154, and a magnet 152. Circular disc 158 may be coupledto a shaft of motor assembly 140 via axial connection 156. Wheelassembly 150 may be located outside of housing 102 and may be configuredto rotate about axial connection 156 in response to processing circuit120 activating motor assembly 140.

Linking element 154 may be configured to attach to a flush valve (e.g.,a flapper, canister-style seal, etc.) via a linking chain or othercoupling means such that rotation of wheel assembly 150 actuatesflushing of the toilet (e.g., by lifting the flapper or seal covering awater outlet at the bottom of the reservoir). In some embodiments, thelink between linking element 154 and the flush valve may be a directlink (e.g., without additional intermediate components). Advantageously,a direct link wheel assembly 150 and the flush valve may assist inadapting system 100 for use with a variety of different toilet modelshaving a plurality of reservoir configurations. In other words, a widevariety of existing toilets may be retrofit with system 100 to include atouchless flush feature.

In other embodiments, wheel assembly 150 may be replaced with arotatable lever or arm coupled to a shaft of motor assembly 140. Thelever or arm may be configured to pivot in response to processingcircuit 120 activating motor assembly 140. The lever or arm may includea linking element analogous to linking element 154 configured to attachto a flush valve (e.g., a flapper, canister-style seal, etc.) via alinking chain or other coupling means such that pivoting of the lever orarm actuates flushing of the toilet (e.g., by lifting the flapper orseal covering a water outlet at the bottom of the reservoir).

Wheel assembly 150 is shown to further include a magnet 152. Magnet 152may be positioned on circular disc 158 such that rotation of wheelassembly 150 causes magnet 152 to rotate about axial connection 156. Insome embodiments, processing circuit 120 may be configured to detectwhen wheel assembly 150 has completed one full rotation and maydeactivate motor assembly 140 when one full rotation is detected. Magnet152 may assist processing circuit 120 in determining when wheel assembly150 has completed one full rotation. For example, referring again toFIG. 7A, system 100 may include a reed switch 160 communicably connectedto processing circuit 120. Reed switch 160 may be included as a circuitcomponent of processing circuit 120 or may communicate with processingcircuit 120 from outside processing circuit 120. Reed switch 160 may bepositioned within housing 102 such that magnet 152 triggers reed switch160 once wheel assembly 150 has completed one full rotation.

Processing circuit 120 may be configured to receive a signal from reedswitch 160 and deactivate motor assembly 140 based on said signal. Insome embodiments, motor assembly 140 may be allowed to drift into adesired rotational position. In other embodiments, processing circuit120 may employ a motor control topology that ensures repeatablepositional control. For example, processing circuit 120 may activelybreak motor assembly 140 by shorting electrical leads to motor assembly140 when reed switch 160 is triggered by magnet 152. The motor controltopology may also include feedback loop control, back emf sensors, openloop control, embedded processors, integrated circuits, etc. Repeatablepositional control may be used to ensure that motor assembly 140 andwheel assembly 150 are stopped in a desired position notwithstanding thepossibility of a variable voltage delivered by power supply 130 (e.g.,partially depleted batteries). In some embodiments, processing circuit120 may be configured to activate motor assembly 140 such that the flushvalve is maintained in the open position for a length of time estimatedto ensure a complete flush of the toilet. Motor control topology may beemployed to ensure a complete flush and avoid premature closing of theflush valve. In some embodiments processing circuit 120 may beconfigured to activate motor assembly 140 such that a full rotation ofwheel assembly 150 occurs in an amount of time required to ensure thatthe flush valve is held open for an adequate amount of time. Processingcircuit 120 may activate motor assembly 140 such that the rotationalspeed of wheel assembly 150 is slow or fast enough to achieve a completeflush.

In some embodiments, processing circuit 120 may be configured to rotatewheel assembly 150, pause while the flush valve is held open, and returnwheel assembly 150 to its initial position. The pause may be based upona fixed pause time value (e.g. two seconds) or a programmed pause timevalue specific to the application, or otherwise determined by the userof system 100 (e.g. set by a signal received by communications interface170). In some embodiments, the user of system 100 may select a pausetime value by manipulating switches included in system 100. For example,dipswitches or other switches may be configured to alter the pause timevalue.

In some embodiments, a cam may be used to ensure the flush valve is heldopen for a determined pause time value. The pause time value may bealtered by selecting cams of varying profiles. The pause time value mayalso be altered through a combination of the cam profile and therotational speed of wheel assembly 150. The rotational speed of wheelassembly 150 may be altered according to user input or be predetermined.

In some embodiments, a stepper motor may be used to control the rotationof wheel assembly 150. The stepper motor may be used in conjunction withprocessing circuit 120 and/or motor control topology. The stepper motormay also be used in conjunction with a combination of user defined pausetime values, predetermined pause time values, cams, etc. The steppermotor may achieve a desired rotational speed. The stepper motor may alsobe used to pause at a desired rotational position for a pause timevalue.

Referring now to FIG. 9A, an internal view of system 100 is shown,according to an exemplary embodiment. Additional components of system100 shown in FIG. 9 include a power supply enclosure 132 for containingpower supply 130 and a housing seal 106. Power supply enclosure 132 mayhold, support, or contain power supply 130. Power supply enclosure 132may provide electric leads connecting power supply 130 with motorassembly 140. In some embodiments, enclosure 132 may include a voltageconverter, AC/DC converter, or other power processing component.

Seal 106 may be a perimeter seal around the opening in shell 101. Insome embodiments, seal 106 may be configured to fit within channel 108along an upper perimeter of housing 102. Seal 106 may assist housing 102and cover 104 in providing a water-resistant or waterproof and/orcontamination proof barrier when cover 104 is in the closed position.Seal 106 may prevent water from the toilet reservoir from leaking intohousing 102 and potentially damaging the electric components of system100.

Still referring to FIG. 9A, in some embodiments, the PCB includingprocessing circuit 120 may be located in cover 104. Sensor 110, reedswitch 160, and/or communications interface 170 may also be located incover 104. Motor assembly 140 and power supply enclosure 132 are shownpositioned inside housing 102. In some embodiments, electrical leads 126(e.g., prongs, wires, terminals, adapters, springs, etc.) may connectthe electrical components of system 100 located in cover 104 with motorassembly 140 and power supply 130. FIG. 9B shows an exploded view of thesystem 100 shown in FIG. 1B. Included in the exploded view are housingseal 106 which sits in housing channel 108 to help provide a water proofor water resistant and/or contaminant proof barrier for system 100.O-ring 151 is used to provide the barrier for system 100 by forming abarrier in conjunction with wheel assembly 150 and port 107. FIG. 9Cshows an internal view of an additional embodiment similar to theembodiment shown in FIG. 9A.

Referring now to FIGS. 10A-D, a first alternate configuration 200 of atouchless capacitive actuation system is shown, according to anexemplary embodiment. Configuration 200 may include a main package 201including processing electronics 202, a motor assembly 140 which mayinclude a gearbox, and a power supply enclosure 132 within the mainpackage. The main package may be installed (e.g., mounted on a sidewall) inside a toilet reservoir and may be completely concealed withinthe reservoir when a reservoir lid covers the reservoir.

Processing electronics 202 may include a processing circuit having aprocessor and memory as described in reference to FIG. 7A. Theprocessing electronics may further include a projected capacitive sensorconfigured to protect an electromagnetic field through the reservoir andinto a detection region outside the reservoir. The processingelectronics may be configured to receive a signal from the sensor andactivate the motor and gearbox based on said signal. Power supplyenclosure 132 may supply power to the motor and gearbox and may usevarious types of batteries including AA, AAA, C, D, 12-volt, and 9-voltas power supply 130.

Configuration 200 may further include a wheel assembly 150 coupled to achain 203 which is directly connected to a flush valve 204. The motorand gearbox may cause the wheel assembly to rotate when activated by theprocessing electronics, thereby lifting the flush valve via the chain.The chain connected to the wheel assembly may supplement or replaceanother actuation mechanism such as a traditional handle, a solenoid, alever, or another automatic flushing mechanism.

Referring now to FIG. 11A-E, a second alternate configuration 300 of atouchless capacitive actuation system is shown, according to anexemplary embodiment. In configuration 300, the main package 201 (e.g.,a projected capacitive sensor, a processing circuit, and a motorassembly) may be located within a pivoting sensor body 205. The mainpackage 201 may be supported by a hollow stem 206 which fits into a stemsupport element 207 coupled to the flush valve 204. A power supply 130(e.g., one or more batteries) may be located within the hollow stem 206for supplying power to the main package. The sensor may be positioned ona side of the main package and may project an electromagnetic field intoa detection region in front of the reservoir or to a side of areservoir. The sensor direction may be adjusted via rotation of thepivoting sensor body 205. The motor assembly 140 may be connected to awheel assembly 150. Rotation of the wheel assembly 150 may pull a chain203 connected to a flush valve 204, thereby actuating flushing of thetoilet.

Referring now to FIG. 12A-E a third alternate configuration 400 of atouchless capacitive actuation system is shown, according to anexemplary embodiment. In configuration 400, the main package 201 (e.g.,a projected capacitive sensor, a processing circuit, and a motorassembly) is contained within a compact enclosure supported by anexisting fill valve 401 within the reservoir. Advantageously, thecompact design and minimal hardware of configuration 400 may becompatible with a large percentage of existing toilet models. Therebyexisting toilets may work in conjunction with configuration 400, oranother embodiment referenced herein, to operate with a concealedtouchless capacitive sensor.

Referring now to FIG. 13A-E, a fourth alternate configuration 500 of atouchless capacitive actuation system is shown, according to anexemplary embodiment. In configuration 500, the sensor electronicspackage (e.g., a projected capacitive sensor and a processing circuit)is contained within a pivoting sensor body 205. The pivoting sensor body205 may rotate about the main package 201 (e.g., the gearbox, motor, andpower supply). The pivoting sensor body may allow the orientation of thesensor to be adjusted between a first position in which the sensor isoriented upward and a second position in which the sensor is orienteddownward. Advantageously, depending on the mounting position of the mainpackage 201, the detection region defined by the sensor may becustomized to emanate from the reservoir in nearly any direction. Insome embodiments, the pivoting sensor body may rotate about the mainpackage at least 180 degrees.

FIG. 13F-J shows an additional embodiment of system 100, as placedwithin a toilet reservoir, from multiple views. System 100 is attachedto the rear vertical surface of the reservoir with positioning bracket180. The detection region is located above the opaque lid of thereservoir. The components of system 100 are hidden from view.

Referring now to FIG. 14, drawing 600 illustrates many possible sensorpositions and orientations according to an exemplary embodiment. Drawing600 depicts six sensor locations (e.g., locations 1-5, and 10) in whichthe electromagnetic field projected by the projected capacitive sensoris directed upward through a lid of the reservoir. Drawing 600 alsodepicts four sensor locations (e.g., locations 6-9) in which theelectromagnetic field projected by the projected capacitive sensor isdirected horizontally through a front or side wall of the reservoir.

Now referring to FIG. 15, a flowchart is illustrated showing the process1500 for retrofitting an existing toilet with an improved touchlessflushing system embodiment. First a positioning bracket is attachedinside a toilet reservoir (step 1502). A projected capacitive sensor, amotor assembly, and a processing circuit are placed within the toiletreservoir (step 1504). In some embodiments, the projected capacitivesensor, motor assembly, and processing circuit are within a housingattached to the positioning bracket. In other embodiments, one or morecomponents may be located apart from the others and connected to them.One or more components may be located outside the reservoir. At leastthe projected capacitive sensor is attached to the positioning bracket.The projected capacitive sensor (i.e. housing sensor) is positionedrelative to the positioning bracket to define a detection region inrelation to the toilet reservoir. The motor assembly is coupled to aflush valve (step 1506). The toilet reservoir is covered (step 1508).The projected capacitive sensor may lack an optical path to thedetection region. An object is sensed in the detection region (step1510). This step entails passing an object above through the desireddetection zone. If the object is detected (step 1512) the motor assemblywill be activated by the processing circuit (step 1518) and the toiletwill be flushed in response to the signal from the projected capacitivesensor. If the object passed through the desired detection zone in the“sense an object in desired detection region” step is not detected, thepositioning of the projected capacitive sensor must be adjusted. In thiscase, the reservoir is uncovered (step 1514). Then, the sensor positionis adjusted relative to the positioning bracket (step 1516). Thereservoir is covered (step 1508). An object is passed through thedesired detection region (step 1510). If the object is detected (step1512), the motor assembly is activated by the processing circuit (step1512). If the object is not detected, then the iteration begins again,and the sensor's position relative to the positioning bracket is changedagain.

The construction and arrangement of the systems and methods as shown inthe various exemplary embodiments are illustrative only. Although only afew embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, manymodifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions,structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values ofparameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors,orientations, etc.). For example, the position of elements may bereversed or otherwise varied and the nature or number of discreteelements or positions may be altered or varied. Accordingly, all suchmodifications are intended to be included within the scope of thepresent disclosure. The order or sequence of any process or method stepsmay be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments.Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may be madein the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplaryembodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure contemplates methods, systems and programproducts on any machine-readable media for accomplishing variousoperations. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implementedusing existing computer processors, or by a special purpose computerprocessor for an appropriate system, incorporated for this or anotherpurpose, or by a hardwired system. Embodiments within the scope of thepresent disclosure include program products comprising machine-readablemedia for carrying or having machine-executable instructions or datastructures stored thereon. Such machine-readable media can be anyavailable media that can be accessed by a general purpose or specialpurpose computer or other machine with a processor. By way of example,such machine-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROMor other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magneticstorage devices, or any other medium which can be used to carry or storedesired program code in the form of machine-executable instructions ordata structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose orspecial purpose computer or other machine with a processor. Wheninformation is transferred or provided over a network or anothercommunications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combinationof hardwired or wireless) to a machine, the machine properly views theconnection as a machine-readable medium. Thus, any such connection isproperly termed a machine-readable medium. Combinations of the above arealso included within the scope of machine-readable media.Machine-executable instructions include, for example, instructions anddata which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer,or special purpose processing machines to perform a certain function orgroup of functions.

Although the figures show a specific order of method steps, the order ofthe steps may differ from what is depicted. Also two or more steps maybe performed concurrently or with partial concurrence. Such variationwill depend on the software and hardware systems chosen and on designerchoice. All such variations are within the scope of the disclosure.Likewise, software implementations could be accomplished with standardprogramming techniques with rule based logic and other logic toaccomplish the various connection steps, processing steps, comparisonsteps and decision steps.

What is claimed is:
 1. A touchless actuation system for a toilet, thesystem comprising: a touchless sensor; a motor assembly; and aprocessing circuit configured to receive a signal from the touchlesssensor and to detect an object within a detection region based on thesignal, wherein the touchless sensor lacks an optical path to thedetection region, wherein the processing circuit is configured toactivate the motor assembly upon detecting the object and wherein themotor assembly is configured to actuate flushing of the toilet whenactivated by the processing circuit.
 2. The system of claim 1, whereinthe actuation system is completely concealed within a closed reservoirfor the toilet.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the touchless sensoris a projected capacitive sensor configured to project anelectromagnetic field through a surface of the closed reservoir, whereinthe electromagnetic field defines a detection region outside thereservoir.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the surface of the closedreservoir is a lid of the reservoir and wherein the detection region isdefined above the lid of the reservoir.
 5. The system of claim 3,wherein the processing circuit is configured to detect the presence ofan object within the detection region and activate the motor assemblywhen said object is detected.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein theobject is a hand or forearm of a user, wherein the user flushes thetoilet by moving said hand or forearm into the detection region withouttouching the toilet, the reservoir, or the actuation system.
 7. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the processing circuit is configured tomonitor a time since the motor assembly has been activated and preventreactivation of the motor assembly if the time is within a timethreshold.
 8. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a housingwithin which the touchless sensor, the motor assembly, and theprocessing circuit are contained; and a positioning bracket configuredto adjustably attach to the housing and position the actuation systemwithin the reservoir, wherein the positioning bracket is configured toadjust the position of the actuation system relative to an upper surfaceof the reservoir.
 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a wheelassembly coupled to the motor assembly and configured to rotate when themotor assembly is activated, wherein the wheel assembly is configured tocouple to a chain attached to a flushing mechanism within the reservoir,wherein rotation of the wheel assembly causes the chain to actuate theflushing mechanism.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the chain isdirectly attached to a flush valve covering an outlet of the reservoir.11. The system of claim 9, wherein the processing circuit is configuredto detect when the wheel assembly has completed one full rotation anddeactivate the motor assembly when one full rotation is detected. 12.The system of claim 11, further comprising: a reed switch coupled to theprocessing circuit, wherein a magnet in the wheel assembly activates thereed switch when the wheel assembly has completed one full rotation. 13.The system of claim 12, wherein the processing circuit is configured tostop the motor assembly when the reed switch is activated, whereinstopping the motor includes shorting electrical leads to the motorassembly.
 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the processing circuit isconfigured to bring the motor assembly to a desired rotational positionand to pause at the desired position before completing a full rotation.15. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a lever or arm coupled tothe motor assembly and configured to rotate when the motor assembly isactivated, wherein the lever or arm is configured to couple to a chainattached to a flushing mechanism within the reservoir, wherein rotationof the lever or arm causes the chain to actuate the flushing mechanism.16. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a power supply coupled tomotor assembly, wherein the processing circuit activates the motorassembly by providing the motor assembly with an electric current fromthe power supply.
 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the processingcircuit is configured to monitor the electric current provided to themotor assembly or a torque exerted by the motor assembly and initiateone or more safety precautions if the current exceeds a currentthreshold or the torque exceeds a torque threshold, wherein the safetyprecautions include deactivating the motor assembly, limiting theelectric current provided to the motor assembly, limiting the torqueexerted by the motor assembly, and activating a warning indicator. 18.The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuit is configured toestimate a gesture performed by a user and initiate one or moresupplemental actions based on the estimated gesture, wherein thesupplemental actions include initiating a short flush, initiating a longflush, dispensing a deodorant, and initiating a cleaning process. 19.The system of claim 18, further comprising: one or more additionaltouchless sensors, wherein the processing circuit estimates the gesturebased on a plurality of signals received from the sensors.
 20. A toilet,comprising: a projected capacitive sensor; a motor assembly; aprocessing circuit configured to receive a signal from the sensor andactivate the motor assembly based on said signal; and a reservoir,housing flush water and a flush valve, enclosing the projectedcapacitive sensor, the motor assembly, and the processing circuit,wherein the motor assembly is configured to actuate flushing of thetoilet when activated by the processing circuit and wherein theprojected capacitive sensor is completely concealed behind an opticallyopaque surface of the reservoir; wherein the projected capacitive sensoris configured to project an electromagnetic field through the opaquesurface, wherein the electromagnetic field defines a detection region ona side of the surface opposite the sensor, wherein the projectedcapacitive sensor is located within a closed reservoir for the toiletand lacks an optical path to the detection region.
 21. A method for usewith a touchless flush system having multiple sensors, comprising:detecting an object with a first projected capacitive sensor andrecording a first time value and a first measurement value; comparingthe first measurement value with a first threshold value; detecting theobject with a second projected capacitive sensor and recording a secondtime value and a second measurement value; comparing the secondmeasurement value with a second threshold value; comparing thedifference between the first time value and the second time value with atime threshold; determining if an object is detected within a detectionregion; activating a motor assembly coupled to a flush valve; andopening the flush valve for an amount of time to flush the toilet. 22.The method of claim 31, further comprising, activating the motorassembly by comparing values recorded by the first projected capacitivesensor and the second projected capacitive sensor.
 23. The method ofclaim 31, further comprising, determining the type of a gestureperformed by a user by estimating the gesture according to the valuesmeasured by at least one sensor.
 24. The method of claim 33, furthercomprising: initiating a low volume flush in response to a user gestureestimated to correspond to initiating a low volume flush; initiating ahigh volume flush in response to a user gesture estimated to correspondto initiating a high volume flush.
 25. The method of claim 33, furthercomprising: dispensing a sanitizer or deodorant in response to a usergesture estimated to correspond to dispensing a sanitizer of deodorant;initiating a cleaning process in response to a user gesture estimated tocorrespond to initiating a cleaning process; and raising or lowering aseat in response to a user gesture estimated to correspond to raising orlowering a seat.
 26. A method for installing a touchless flush system toa toilet, comprising: attaching a positioning bracket inside a toiletreservoir; placing within the toilet reservoir a projected capacitivesensor, a motor assembly, and a processing circuit; moving the projectedcapacitive sensor relative to the positioning bracket to define adetection region in relation to the toilet reservoir; coupling the motorassembly to a flush valve; covering the toilet reservoir, wherein theprojected capacitive sensor lacks an optical path to the detectionregion; sensing an object in the detection region and activating themotor assembly in response to a signal from the projected capacitivesensor; and flushing the toilet, wherein the flush valve is opened bythe movement of the motor assembly and closed by the motor assembly.